Demand and Supply Analysis
Demand Analysis: The Consumer
- Demand Concepts
- Own- Price Elasticity of Demand
- Income Elasticity of Demand
- Cross- Price Elasticity of Demand
- Substitution and Income Effects
- Normal and Inferior Goods
Supply Analysis: The Firm
- Marginal Returns and Productivity
- Breakeven and Shutdown Analysis
- Understanding Economies and Diseconomies of Scale
Market Structures
- Analysis of Market Structures
- Economists’ Four Types of Structure
- Factors That Determine Market Structure
- Perfect Competition
- Monopolistic Competition
- Oligopoly
- Monopoly
- Identification of Market Structure
- Econometric Approaches
- Simpler Measures
Aggregate Output, Prices, and Economic Growth
- Aggregate Output and Income
- Gross Domestic Product
- The Components of GDP
- GDP, National Income, Personal Income, and Personal Disposable Income
- Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and Equilibrium
- Aggregate Demand
- Aggregate Supply
- Shifts in Aggregate Demand and Supply
- Equilibrium GDP and Prices
- Economic Growth and Sustainability
- The Production Function and Potential GDP
- Sources of Economic Growth
- Measures of Sustainable Growth
Understanding Business Cycles
- Introduction
- Overview of the Business Cycle
- Phases of the Business Cycle
- Resource Use through the Business Cycle
- Housing Sector Behavior
- External Trade Sector Behavior
- Theories of the Business Cycle
- Neoclassical and Austrian Schools
- Keynesian and Monetarist Schools
- The New Classical School
- Unemployment and Inflation
- Unemployment
- Inflation
- Economic Indicators
- Popular Economic Indicators
- Other Variables Used as Economic Indicators
Monetary and Fiscal Policy
- Monetary Policy
- Money
- The Roles of Central Banks
- The Objectives of Monetary Policy
- Contractionary and Expansionary Monetary Policies and the Neutral Rate
- Limitations of Monetary Policy
- Fiscal Policy
- Roles and Objectives of Fiscal Policy
- Fiscal Policy Tools and the Macroeconomy
- Fiscal Policy Implementation: Active and Discretionary Fiscal Policy
- The Relationship between Monetary and Fiscal Policy
- Factors Influencing the Mix of Fiscal and Monetary Policy
- Quantitative Easing and Policy Interaction
- The Importance of Credibility and Commitment
International Trade and Capital Flows
- International Trade
- Basic Terminology
- Patterns and Trends in International Trade and Capital Flows
- Benefits and Costs of International Trade
- Comparative Advantage and the Gains from Trade
- Trade and Capital Flows: Restrictions and Agreements
- Tariffs
- Quotas
- Export Subsidies
- Trading Blocs, Common Markets, and Economic Unions
- Capital Restrictions
- The Balance of Payments
- Balance of Payments Accounts
- Balance of Payment Components
- Paired Transactions in the BOP Bookkeeping System
- National Economic Accounts and the Balance of Payments
- Trade Organizations
- International Monetary Fund
- World Bank Group
- World Trade Organization
Currency Exchange Rates
- The Foreign Exchange Market
- Market Functions
- Market Participants
- Market Size and Composition
- Currency Exchange Rate Calculations
- Exchange Rate Quotations
- Cross- Rate Calculations
- Forward Calculations
- Exchange Rate Regimes
- The Ideal Currency Regime
- Historical Perspective on Currency Regimes
- A Taxonomy of Currency Regimes
- Exchange Rates, International Trade, and Capital Flows
- Exchange Rates and the Trade Balance: The Elasticities Approach
- Exchange Rates and the Trade Balance: The Absorption Approach
